Why I sold a $20 September call option on Oracle

Yesterday I sold a $20 September call option part of my Oracle shares for 55¢ a share. As of this afternoon, they are selling for 65¢. Last year, I sold an option that was not exercised for these shares at 70¢, so I've created a synthetic dividend of $1.25 on a stock that earned 81¢. Now there's a risk (50.6% or so) that I will lose a percentage of that premium in accounting terms when the option expires. This option likely to be exercised, so it might be better to think of this as a sale of Oracle. I think Oracle is still undervalued, but I'm willing to sell because First Marblehead is even more undervalued.

My stock option insurance business

Back in November, I wrote my very first covered call option. Since then I've been struggling to understand how I ought to evaluate these transactions—especially when the option expires worthless.

Oracle slid from $19.48 to $17, so there was no possibility that the option would be exercised. On the one hand, I certainly didn't lose any upside. On the other, if I had sold my shares instead of the call option, I would have avoided a worse than 11% loss. I'm not terribly upset about the "loss", however, since I wasn't committed to selling Oracle. $20 is at the low end of the stock's intrinsic value, and I'm interested in becoming at buyer again now that Oracle is priced under $17. From the perspective of the option buyer, the option was well worth its price. Instead of out-right buying Oracle and taking an immediate loss, the buyer has the luxury of buying at much cheaper price or taking a pass altogether. So who won and who lost in this transaction?

If you think of an option as an insurance transaction, it becomes more obvious that there don't need to be losers (though often there are). Although the option buyer lost the premium paid to me, their bigger concern was to avoid the sell-off that did, in fact, occur. And although I suffered a big, unrealized loss, I would have suffered it whether or not I'd sold a call option. So like an insurance contract, the party (me) that could afford a sudden price drop sold protection to the other party that couldn't afford it.

Insurance writing is usually evaluated with a metric called the combined ratio. It takes any losses, costs or dividends to policy holders and divides by total premiums. Ratios greater than 100% indicate underwriting loss. Insurance companies prefer to operate at the lowest possible combined ratio, but can still be profitable thanks to investment gains on the premium float, which is the money that has been paid in and has not yet been paid out in claims. Based on a single option, my combined ratio is 21.37%, so I'm currently making an underwriting profit.

The paper loss on the underlying asset (Oracle) is unfortunate, but not really relevant to the activity of writing call options. Think of the underlying asset as a reserve that is required to ensure that I can pay out a loss. When my reserve shrinks, it is the result of an investment decision to not sell not because I wrote a call option against it.

I expect that in the future, I will make a small profit on covered call options. Thankfully, USAA lowered my commissions, which will lower my cost. But I will also probably suffer some loses when options I write are exercised and I imagine I will accept smaller premiums than I did with Oracle.

January performance

I haven't written in a while, but my IRA portfolio turned in a spectacular January:

Date      S&P 500  Delta   IRA    Delta  BRK A  S&P 500   NAV    BRK A
01/31/07  1.41%    1.07%   2.47%  2.42%  0.05%  1,438.24  24.44  110,050.00

Here are a few highlights:

• Sold Pegasus Communications for $3.25 a share.
• Bought Eupa for 35¢ a share.
• Sold Meritage Hospitality for $5.50(!) a share. (That works out to a 295.71% annualized return.)
• My Oracle call option expired. The good news is that I was not forced to sell my Oracle shares. The bad news is that Oracle lost more than 12% of its value in that time. Fortunately, I didn't want to sell anyway.
• Select Comfort gained nearly 6% for the month. I guess the shock of bad news in December wore off.
• Sally Beauty gained 9% for the month. I guess the shock of bad news in December wore off.
• Alberto-Culver gained nearly 5% for the month based, I suppose, on a 5.5¢ a share quarterly dividend.
• Oracle and Canon had poor Januaries based on being large companies with little real news.
• Berkshire Hathaway, as you can see above, ended flat.
• Earned 4.85% (annualized) on any cash I had lying around.

All of this is to say that my stock prices bounced around randomly. I'd say the going-private transactions that I've participated in show true skill since they've worked exactly as I expected. My other investments have did well in January mostly due to luck. Long term, I expect to have more good months than bad ones and make more good decisions than bad, but one month isn't a big enough sample.

February is turning out to be my best month yet. My IRA balance right now is over $5 million. That easily surpasses the half million dollars I "had" back in September. But I expect my balance will return to earth shortly when my Eupa are cashed in.

2006 in review

2006 was a great year for my IRA portfolio (up 28.50%). Not only did I outperform both the S&P 500 (13.62%) and Berkshire Hathaway (24.11%), I also posted my best calendar year performance. After 4 1/2 years of out-performance, I feel confident that my results so far are not a fluke.

Date      S&P 500  Delta     IRA   Delta BRK A  S&P 500   NAV    BRK A
06/23/02                                         992.72 10.00  72,200.00
12/31/02   -11.37% 42.32%  30.95% 30.18%  0.76%  879.82 13.09  72,750.00
12/31/03    26.38% -1.49%  24.89%  9.08% 15.81% 1111.92 16.35  84,250.00
12/31/04     8.99% -2.16%   6.84%  2.49%  4.34% 1211.92 17.47  87,910.00
12/31/05     3.00%  3.23%   6.23%  5.42%  0.81% 1248.29 18.56  88,620.00
12/31/06    13.62% 14.88%  28.50%  4.39% 24.11% 1418.30 23.85 109,990.00
Total Gain  42.87% 95.63% 138.50% 86.16% 52.34%    
Annualized   8.20% 12.97%  21.17% 11.43%  9.75%    

A significant factor in my success this year was that my patience with Oracle finally paid off. I bought at a ridiculously low price and Oracle proceeded to perform quite well and account for nearly all of my IRA's gain for the second half of 2002 and all of 2003. 2004 and 2005 represented a fair amount of uncertainty for Wall Street, which refused to believe that "tech mergers" worked. This year, the various acquisitions started contributing to the bottom line and Oracle's shares followed (up 40%). The interesting thing is that Wall Street still undervalues Oracle. Too many analysts focus on new database licenses to the exclusion of higher margin renewals. Also, I think the Oracle database is under-appreciated as a platform for other businesses to develop new products on. It's nice that Oracle the company is standing in the wings to buy startups that succeed.

Canon, at 23% of my portfolio, is tied for my largest holding in large part due to its exceptional performance during 2006 (up 44%). Once again digital cameras and printer-related consumables continue to be the mainstays of Canon's business. The digital camera revolution is nearly over in my opinion—most people have a digital that meets their needs. Canon is going to have to have a new product boom in the next year or so to keep up their revenue growth. Perhaps YouTube will do for digital camcorders what Flickr did for still cameras. I think Canon's management is counting on its new flat-screen TV product to drive revenue growth.

Select Comfort endured a rocky ride this year and ended down 4.6%. Operationally, nothing much changed in my opinion. They are still the same company with the same management operating in the same business as when I first bought shares nearly two years ago. It's entirely possible that macro factors such as the slowing housing market and credit tightening will make 2007 a disappointment, but over the next ten years Select Comfort ought to do very well. After buying more shares, it is now tied for my largest holding.

Berkshire Hathaway is up 23.5% since I bought it. 2006 was a spectacular year to be a reinsurer since claims were low and premiums high. (The catastrophes of 2005 are largely to blame so its possible premiums will head down in 2007.) Auto insurance continues to be a good business since cars continue to be built safer. Berkshire's other lines of business seemed to perform well during the year. From now on, a portion of my portfolio will match Berkshire's results, which is something to keep in mind when I compare my results to it.

The year end spin-off math for Alberto-Culver is Alberto-Culver ($21.47) + Sally Beauty ($7.86) + the special dividend ($25) = $54.33. Given that I bought at a dollar-weighted average of $49.34 a share, I've made nearly $5 a share or 10% on the spin-off. Alberto-Culver and Sally Beauty together make up 15% of my portfolio, which is fairly significant. But I haven't yet decided if they will become core positions. Both companies have now released initial 10-K reports, which I hope to have a chance to read in-depth soon. But I think I'll have a better idea of how the new companies operate after a quarter or two. Also, I'd like to know what Alberto's dividend will be.

The rest of my portfolio is a smattering of going-private transactions and cash. I'm also short January 2007 options on Oracle at $20, which should expire without value. In some ways, this "short-term" portion of my portfolio is the least important. By their nature, going-private transactions are very profitable, but also very small. Last year I completed 3 and initiated 2. But if they were to make a significant impact on my portfolio, I would have had to have completed something like 10. This year, I'll need to complete even more, since my total portfolio has grown considerably. On the other hand, since they require little in the way of effort, risk or capital, I see no reason not to continue attempting to make a little profit there.

Why I sold a call option on Oracle

Today I sold a January, 2007 call option on Oracle at a strike price of $20. The premium was 70¢ a share. Yesterday (when I placed the limit order for the option) Oracle closed at $19.48. After commisions and fees, I recorded 2.83% income on the transaction. On an annualized basis, that's 19.18%. If the option is assigned, I'll earn 4.47%, which is at least 24.53% annualized. For me, this is a win-win.

According to this calculator, the option was worth 62¢. I don't know if that's acurate or not, but it doesn't really matter to me. Option pricing models, such as the Black-Scholes model and the binomial options model, are interesting in the acedemic sense, but relying on them for actual options trading seems speculative. The problem with generic models is that they include volatility among their inputs. But the odds of a stock reaching a certain price are also influenced by the company's intrisic value and the probability of positive or negative news, which cannot be included in a generic model.

Writing a call option amounts to a soft sell of Oracle. I think $20 is a reasonable (though maybe low) selling price, but I'm not ready to put in a limit order. I also don't see any reason for the price to jump much higher in the next two months. Oracle Openworld, when Larry Ellison announced the company's Unbreakable Linux initiative, happened in October. There aren't many big aquisition targets on the horizon. I doubt the second quarter earnings release will be significantly better than expectations. In fact, given the persistent inverted yield curve, I suspect stocks in general will be flat at best.